GEF

Unit 2  |  Water Science and the Water Cycle 54 CAREER FOCUS: HYDROLOGIST Education: Hydrologists need at least a bachelor’s degree in geosciences, engineering, or earth science with a concentration in hydrology in order to obtain an entry- level position. Most hydrologists begin their careers with a master’s degree. Applicants for advanced research and university faculty positions typically need a Ph.D. Students interested in becoming hydrologists need extensive coursework in math, statistics, and physical, computer, and life sciences. Knowledge of economics, environmental law, and other government policy-related topics may help hydrologists communicate with policymakers. Median Salary (2016): $80,480. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), hydrologists study how water moves across and through the Earth’s crust. They study how rain, snow, and other forms of precipitation impact river flows or groundwater levels, and how surface water and groundwater evaporate back into the atmosphere or eventually reach the oceans. Hydrologists analyze how water influences the surrounding environment and how changes to the environment influence the quality and quantity of water. They use their expertise to solve problems concerning water quality and availability. Typical job duties include: ■■ Measure the properties of bodies of water, such as volume and stream flow ■■ Collect water and soil samples to test for certain properties, such as the pH or pollution levels ■■ Analyze data on the environmental impacts of pollution, erosion, drought, and other problems ■■ Research ways to minimize the negative impacts of erosion, sedimentation, or pollution on the environment ■■ Use computer models to forecast future water supplies, the spread of pollution, floods, and other events ■■ Evaluate the feasibility of water-related projects, such as hydroelectric power plants, irrigation systems, and wastewater treatment facilities ■■ Prepare written reports and presentations of their findings Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2016-17 Edition, Hydrologists, on the Internet at https://www.bls.gov/ooh/life-physical-and-social-science/hydrologists.htm